英语单词ago和before的区别
这一组词都能用作副词,表示“以前”的意思,但它们的使用场合有所不同。
一般来说,ago与一般过去时连用,表示“以前某个指明的时间”(refers to a specified point of time in the past);而before则与完成时连用,表示“以前一段不指明的时间”(refers to an unspecified period of time that has passed)。试对比下面的例句:
I went to the Space Museum two weeks ago.两星期前我到过太空馆。
I have been to the Space Museum before.我曾到过太空馆。
Mr. Johnson joined the Democratic Party thirty years ago.约翰逊先生于30年前加入民主党。
Mr. Johnson had been an activist before.约翰逊先生以前是个活跃分子。
在间接叙述句里,before取代ago,并与过去完成时连用,例如:
Mr. Johnson joined the Democratic Party thirty years ago.约翰逊先生于30年前加入民主党。
Mr. Johnson said he had joined the Democratic Party thirty years before.约翰逊先生说他在30年前参加了民主党。
从上面两例可看出,ago是从现在看过去;before则是从过去某个时刻看从前。为此,ago与一般过去时连用;before则与过去完成时连用。值得注意的是,有些英美人士在应该使用before的场合却使用ago,以表示语气生动。例如:
He had all but forgotten all those lashings,over twenty years ago. — Roots
将直接引语改为间接引语时,除了要注意时态和人称的变化外,副词也要作相应的变化。例如:“I studied in Hong Kong thirty years ago,”said Johnson.要改为:Johnson said he had studied in Hong Kong thirty years before.
下面是一些最常见的副词和代词的变化例子:
此外,ago绝不能和since用在一个句子里。例如我们不能说:It is five years ago since we came to Hong Kong.正确的说法是:It was five years ago that we came to Hong Kong.或:It is five years since we came to Hong Kong.此外,亦可用简单句来表达此意,即:We came to Hong Kong five years ago.

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